1: The deterrent effect of the DP (death penalty)
We must first look at deterrence theory. "Deterrence is a theory from behavioral psychology about preventing or controlling actions or behavior through fear of punishment or retribution. This theory of criminology is shaping the criminal justice system of the United States and various other countries." [1]
This means more harsh punishments = deterrence. This is a gateway to my next argument:Many studies count that the DP saves 3-18 lives every execution. [2] Science does draw a conclusion, the DP saves lives in turn deterring crime. [2] Another study actually cited the DP each implication saves 74 lives. [3] Other studies show each DP usage saved 5 lives in 2003. [4] When Illinois had a moratorium, crime rose and 140 more murders occurred. [5] One study was done to prove an original study, they found a direct deterrence effect from the DP. [6, 7] This shows when the usage of the DP increased murder decreased. [8, 9]
2: The accuracy of the DP
The examples of innocent executions are rare. Only one possibly happened in 2004 (recent times.). [10] Also these are POSSIBLY innocent, we can never prove their innocence. There is a lot of doubt even that inncent people in the US are actually executed! [11] and these suposed innocent cases are very rare. [11] When there is a case that someone is innocent they are pardoned before, thats why we have the appeal system today. [11] So if there is reasonable doubt they get released, and they generally do. The risk of executing an innocent is very rare. DNA testing is old and a refined technology and is fairly accurate. [12] DNA testing almost always is correct and is accurate enough to dtermine people guilty. [13] Also people must face a jury of 12 and have no reasonable doubt before being found guilty. [14, 15] Hundreds of executions have been committed, and only 67 proclaimed possibly innocent. [16] That means the DP is very accurate.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_%28psychology%29
[2] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/11/AR2007061100406.html
[3] http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16468497
[4] http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2007/6/10/212452.shtml?s=ic
[5] Naci H. Mocan and R. Kaj Gittings, "The Impact of Incentives on Human Behavior: Can We Make It Disappear? The Case of the Death Penalty," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 12631, October 2006.
[6] http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/the-death-penalty-deters-crime-and-saves-lives
[7] http://www.johansens.us/sane/law/capdeter.htm
[8] United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. "Number of persons executed in the United States, 1930-1997."
[9] http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executed-possibly-innocent
[10] http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/student/c/about/arguments/argument3b.htm
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_profiling
[12] http://www.forensicmag.com/
[13] http://crime.about.com/
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury
[15] http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/sep/21/death-penalty-statistics-us
We must first look at deterrence theory. "Deterrence is a theory from behavioral psychology about preventing or controlling actions or behavior through fear of punishment or retribution. This theory of criminology is shaping the criminal justice system of the United States and various other countries." [1]
This means more harsh punishments = deterrence. This is a gateway to my next argument:Many studies count that the DP saves 3-18 lives every execution. [2] Science does draw a conclusion, the DP saves lives in turn deterring crime. [2] Another study actually cited the DP each implication saves 74 lives. [3] Other studies show each DP usage saved 5 lives in 2003. [4] When Illinois had a moratorium, crime rose and 140 more murders occurred. [5] One study was done to prove an original study, they found a direct deterrence effect from the DP. [6, 7] This shows when the usage of the DP increased murder decreased. [8, 9]
2: The accuracy of the DP
The examples of innocent executions are rare. Only one possibly happened in 2004 (recent times.). [10] Also these are POSSIBLY innocent, we can never prove their innocence. There is a lot of doubt even that inncent people in the US are actually executed! [11] and these suposed innocent cases are very rare. [11] When there is a case that someone is innocent they are pardoned before, thats why we have the appeal system today. [11] So if there is reasonable doubt they get released, and they generally do. The risk of executing an innocent is very rare. DNA testing is old and a refined technology and is fairly accurate. [12] DNA testing almost always is correct and is accurate enough to dtermine people guilty. [13] Also people must face a jury of 12 and have no reasonable doubt before being found guilty. [14, 15] Hundreds of executions have been committed, and only 67 proclaimed possibly innocent. [16] That means the DP is very accurate.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_%28psychology%29
[2] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/11/AR2007061100406.html
[3] http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16468497
[4] http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2007/6/10/212452.shtml?s=ic
[5] Naci H. Mocan and R. Kaj Gittings, "The Impact of Incentives on Human Behavior: Can We Make It Disappear? The Case of the Death Penalty," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 12631, October 2006.
[6] http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/the-death-penalty-deters-crime-and-saves-lives
[7] http://www.johansens.us/sane/law/capdeter.htm
[8] United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. "Number of persons executed in the United States, 1930-1997."
[9] http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executed-possibly-innocent
[10] http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/student/c/about/arguments/argument3b.htm
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_profiling
[12] http://www.forensicmag.com/
[13] http://crime.about.com/
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury
[15] http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/sep/21/death-penalty-statistics-us
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